How do active resistance and passive resistance differ?

Active resistance is characterized by individuals taking physical actions to oppose or resist police officers, making it distinct from passive resistance. This can include actions such as physically pushing away from an officer, fleeing, or exhibiting aggressive body language that demonstrates an unwillingness to comply with lawful orders. The emphasis on physical actions indicates a degree of intensity and direct opposition to the officer's attempts to assert control or direction.

Conversely, passive resistance involves non-violent actions that do not employ physical force but instead refuse to cooperate. This can be seen in behaviors like remaining motionless or being non-compliant in a way that is not aggressive or confrontational. It's important to understand that passive resistance does not equate to violence; rather, it represents a refusal to engage or comply without resorting to physical confrontation.

Understanding the distinction is critical for law enforcement officers, as it informs their response tactics and decision-making in the field. By recognizing the nature of the resistance—active versus passive—officers can apply appropriate de-escalation techniques and ensure they act within the boundaries of their training while maintaining safety for themselves and others.