What term describes an exemption from duty or liability granted to a public official?

The term that describes an exemption from duty or liability granted to a public official is "immunity." Immunity in this context refers to legal protection that allows public officials to perform their duties without fear of personal liability for actions taken in the course of their official roles. This principle is essential for the functioning of government, as it ensures that officials can execute their responsibilities without the constant threat of legal repercussions related to their conduct during the performance of their duties.

Immunity typically covers actions taken in good faith that are within the scope of the official's authority, allowing them to make decisions based on their judgment. This concept promotes the idea that public officials should not be hindered by the fear of litigation, thereby enabling them to serve the public effectively.